Employers couldn't fire and replace everyone at the same time without disrupting production and hurting profits, so this method was a way to force employers to meet workers' demands.As soon as you board the plane, the first things you’ll notice are the seats, of course. Unions, however, used collective bargaining, meaning a large number of workers make the same demands at the same time.

A nineteenth-century individual who went to her boss with these demands would have been laughed at or fired. In the United States, for example, these common interests were better work conditions, shorter hours and better pay. One type of alliance is a union, a group of workers with common interests. This made it easier for people to talk to each other, share their experiences, and organize themselves into alliances. Workers who used to spend the day outside in agricultural settings were now crammed inside crowded mills, factories and mines. So how did a person's thinking go from 'my job is horrible and unfair' to 'our system is horrible and unfair'? When did people understand they were in a common struggle? Industrial labor created new economic opportunities while changing social life in unexpected ways. It is also important to remember that women's unpaid labor in the home made it possible for the men to go out and work. On top of that, working women were still expected to cook, clean and care for children even after long hours of work outside the home. Women usually received one-third to one-half the pay that men received for equally hard work. That meant they usually got stuck with low-skilled, low-paying jobs in domestic service, textile factories and coal mines. Most women had no political, social or economic rights outside the home.

For most, however, industrial work in the nineteenth and early twentieth century resulted in a life of hardship. For some women, it was liberating to gain independent wages, mobility and a better standard of living. That still did not meet the high demand for labor, so many women and children also went to work. Rural farmers flooded into cities to work in factories. Fortunately for them, this was also a period when populations were booming and many rural people, especially in Europe, were losing access to their land. To keep up the rapid pace of production, industries needed a lot of laborers.

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